IP防护等级

IP防护等级一开始让我不明白，特别是看到《低压配电 梅兰日兰 综合产品目录》第I章 低压电气应用指南 I242页里，室外设置的配电箱柜IP等级要求是IP25。另外还规定了机械撞击的防护等级IK 。

IP25这种组合开始我很不理解，既然是防水进入的等级那么高，为什么防固体进入比较低。

其实，如果仔细看《GB 4208-2008 外壳防护等级》的话，IP等级中的第一位和第二位的要求是很不一样的。

第一位，也就是固体防护的1~4是完全防止不同等级的固体进入，6是完全防止灰尘进入；只有5有点放松，不能完全防止灰尘进入，但不影响运行和安全。

第二位，也就是水防护的1~8是可以有水进入，但不达到有害程度。

这样看来，室外的配电箱之类的，我觉得一般用IP53就够了。首先现在空气中灰尘很多，IP5X可以保证灰尘的堆积不影响运行和安全，也就是不用经常清理灰尘；其次,IPX3可以保证淋雨的情况下不达到有害程度。如果需要通过喷水来对外壳进行清洗的话，就要用IP55甚至IP56了。如果关系到安全、消防之类的室外箱，还是用IP56比较保险。防护等级高一些，一般散热也会差一些。

下面是一些网上的中英文资料，有些和《GB 4208-2008 外壳防护等级》不一致，但也差不多。

http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/66416316.html?si=9

IEC IP防护等级定义
IP 表示Ingress Protection（进入防护）.IEC IP防护等级是电气设备安全防护的重要. IP等防护级系统提供了一个以电器设备和包装的防尘、防水和防碰撞程度来对产品进行分类的方法，这套系统得到了多数欧洲国家的认可，国际电工协会 IEC（International Electro Technical Commission）起草,并在IED529（BS EN 60529：1992）外包装防护等级（IP code）中宣布。
防护等级多以IP后跟随两个数字来表述，数字用来明确防护的等级。
第一个数字表明设备抗微尘的范围，或者是人们在密封环境中免受危害的程度。I代表防止固体异物进入的等级，最高级别是6；
第二个安字表明设备防水的程度。 P代表防止进水的等级，最高级别是8。
如电机的防护等级IP65,防护等级IP55等等.

国际工业标准防水登记IP和日本工业标准的JIS防水等级是接近的,分0-8的9级,IP等级同样对防尘做了规定。

IPxx 防尘防水等级
防尘等级 (第一个X表示) 防水等级 (第二个X表示)
0 ：没有保护
1 ：防止大的固体侵入
2 ：防止中等大小的固体侵入
3 ：防止小固体进入侵入
4 ：防止物体大于 1mm 的固体进入
5 ：防止有害的粉尘堆积
6 ：完全防止粉尘进入

0 ：没有保护
1 ：水滴滴入到外壳无影响
2 ：当外壳倾斜到 15 度时，水滴滴入到外壳无影响
3 ：水或雨水从 60 度角落到外壳上无影响
4 ：液体由任何方向泼到外壳没有伤害影响
5 ：用水冲洗无任何伤害
6 ：可用于船舱内的环境
7 ：可于短时间内耐浸水（ 1m ）
8 ：于一定压力下长时间浸水
例：有秤或显示仪表标示为IP65，表示产品可以 完全防止粉尘进入及可用水冲洗无任何伤害。

http://www.ruggedtech.com/ip_codes.html

NEMA Ratings and IP Equivalency

NEMA = National Electrical Manufacturers Association

IP = International Electrotechnical Commission

NEMA Rating	IP Equivalent	NEMA Definition	IP Definition
1	IP10	Enclosures constructed for indoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment and to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt	1 = Protected against solid foreign objects of 50mm in diameter and greater	0 = Not Protected
2	IP11	Enclosures constructed for indoor used to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment, to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt, and to provide a degree of protection against dripping and light splashing of liquids	1 = Protected against solid foreign objects of 50mm in diameter and greater	1 = Protected against vertically falling water drops
3	IP54	Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor used to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to proved a degree of protection against falling dirt, rain, sleet, snow, and windblown dust; and that will undamaged by external formation of ice on the enclosure	5 = Protected against dust - Limited to ingress (no harmful deposit)	4 = Protected against water sprayed from all directions - Limited to ingress permitted.
3R	IP14	Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor used to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt, rain, sleet, and snow; and that will be undamaged by external formation of ice on the enclosure	1 = Protected against vertically falling water drops	4 = Protected against water sprayed from all directions - Limited to ingress permitted.
3S	IP54	Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt, rain, sleet, snow, and windblown dust; and in which the external mechanism(s) remain operable when ice laden.	5 = Protected against dust - Limited to ingress (no harmful deposit)	4 = Protected against water sprayed from all directions - Limited to ingress permitted.
4	IP 56	Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt, rain, sleet, snow, windblown dust, splashing water, and hose-directed water, and corrosion; and that will be  undamaged by the external formation of ice on the enclosure	5 = Protected against dust - Limited to ingress (no harmful deposit)	6 = Protected against strong jets of water from all directions - Limited to ingress permitted.
4X	IP56	Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt, rain, sleet, snow, windblown dust, splashing water, hose-directed water, and corrosion; and that will be undamaged by thee external formation of ice on the enclosure	5 = Protected against dust - Limited to ingress (no harmful deposit)	6 = Protected against strong jets of water from all directions - Limited to ingress permitted.
5	IP52	Enclosures constructed for indoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt; against settling airborne dust, lint, fibers, and flyings; and to provide a degree of protection against dripping and light splashing of liquids.	5 = Protected against dust - Limited to ingress (no harmful deposit)	2 = Protected against direct sprays of water up to 15° from the vertical.
6	IP67	Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt; against hose-directed water and the entry of water during occasional temporary submersion at a limited depth; and that will be undamaged by the external formation of ice on the enclosure.	6 = Totally protected against dust	7 = Protected against the effects of temporary immersion between 15cm and 1m. Duration of test 30 minutes.
6P	IP67	Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of protection to the personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt; against hose-directed water and the entry of water during prolonged submersion at a limited depth; and that will be undamaged by the external formation of ice on the enclosure	6 = Totally protected against dust	7 = Protected against the effects of temporary immersion between 15cm and 1m. Duration of test 30 minutes.
12 and 12K	IP52	Enclosures constructed (without knockouts) for indoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt; against circulating dust, lint, fibers, and flying; and against dripping and light splashing of liquids	5 = Protected against dust - Limited to ingress (no harmful deposit)	2 = Protected against direct sprays of water up to 15° from the vertical.
13	IP54	Enclosures constructed for indoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt; against circulating dust, lint, fibers, and flyings; and against the spraying, splashing, and seepage of water, oil, and noncorrosive coolants.	5 = Protected against dust - Limited to ingress (no harmful deposit)	4 = Protected against water sprayed from all directions - Limited to ingress permitted