"负荷集成"是一种减少电费单价的做法。国外某些地区的电费是根据 Load Factor负荷系数(＝平均用电量/最大用电量)制定的，负荷系数越大，单价电费越低。"负荷集成"对不同时间段的负荷进行分析，将适合的负荷集成后再向电力公司买电，使负荷系数提高，电费单价下降。
从"负荷集成"可以看出，国外的工程师对数据的采集和分析很重视，举例用的图表也有很高的参考价值。
http://www.goodenergy.com/electricity_consulting_products/aggregation.aspx
Aggregation is a means of combining the loads of more than one electricity account with the goal of shopping the electricity supply market to get a better price for power. The idea is that all members of an aggregation pool could benefit from the lower prices made possible by a large economy of scale.
When appropriate, Good Energy uses this technique to help customers save money on electricity supply costs in deregulated markets. However, as illustrated below, if the process is not performed properly, electricity demand aggregation does not always help all customers save money.
Here's why: Not all consumers of power are equal in the eyes of utility companies. From the utility's viewpoint, the best customer uses a constant amount of power all day long, throughout the year. This means that the perfect customer's peak demand for electricity is EQUAL to the customer's average demand for electricity. This customer would have what we call a 100% "load factor".
Such customers are rare, because in the real world, consumers of power will turn off their lights and equipment when appropriate, leading to varying consumption of power throughout the day.
An office building might have a load factor around 49%, because the vast majority of power to operate such a facility would be consumed during the day, while the office tenants are in the building.
A hotel might have a load factor around 84%, (which is much better from a power-shopping standpoint), because occupants of the facility would be using power from the early morning, throughout the day and into the night.
A theater might have a load factor similar to that of an office building, (48%), but most of the power consumed by a theater would be immediately before, during and immediately after the performance, (in the evening), which means that the peak demand for power would not coincide with that of the office building.
Non-coincident peak demand for power is sometimes the key to successful aggregation. For example, if we add up the usage for the office building and the theater, we get a combined load factor of 58%, which is a good improvement over the customers' individual load factors. Both of these customers will get a better deal for power supply if they shop the power supply market as one.
owever, if the hotel and the theater were to shop for power together, the theater would get a better deal, but the hotel might be shooting itself in the foot. The combined load factor for the hotel and the theater would be 69%, which is respectable, but a far cry from the hotel's existing load factor of 84%
Although these examples are simplistic, they serve to illustrate the point that aggregation of electricity demand must be performed correctly to protect the interests of all parties. Good Energy fights for consumers of power to make sure they are getting the best deal possible in any power market, and we will use aggregation as a means to get our customers the best price for power when it makes economic sense to do so.
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