发电机额定功率

发电机额定功率根据不同的应用，主要有以下几种：

备供功率  Standby power rating，在 ISO 3046 中定义
主供功率 Prime power rating，在 ISO 8528、ISO 3046 中定义
限制时间运行功率 Limited running time rating
连续功率 Base load rating/Continuous rating， 在 ISO 8528 中定义
应急备供功率 Emergency Standby Power (ESP)， 在 ISO 8528、ISO 3046 中定义.

在 《JB T 10303-2001 工频柴油发电机组技术条件》 中，只参照了ISO 8538，要求在额定工况连续运行12小时，包括过载10%1小时，无漏油、漏水、漏气等不正常现象。可以认为JB T 10303-2001中要求的额定工况里的额定功率，就是主供功率。暂时还没有发现国内有补充ISO 3046的同等规范。对所有的发电机都要求用主供功率作为额定功率应该是不大合理的，但用备供功率的额定功率来进行《JB T 10303-2001 工频柴油发电机组技术条件》的试验，也未必不能做到"连续运行12小时，包括过载10%1小时，无漏油、漏水、漏气等不正常现象",只是机器有点损伤而已。城市里面的应急备用发电机每年运行的时间不多，而且很少连续满载运行12个小时，更不会连续运行，用备供功率作为额定功率的选择合情合理吧。


www.boostyourliving.com/richpgenerators/Tib101.pdf
Standby rating applies to installations served by a reliable utility source. Standby power is applicable to varying loads for the duration of the utility power interruption. There is no overload capability for the standby rating; use of the generator set above the standby rating is prohibited. Ratings are in accordance with ISO 3046/1, BS 5514, AS 2789, and DIN 6271.The standby rating is applicable to variable loads with an average load factor of x% of the standby rating, with 100% of rating available for the duration of the outage. See Rating Conditions following for standby rating load factor for each generator set model. Typical operating time is 400 hours per year or less. Use the prime power rating for applications exceeding 400 hours of varying load operation.

Prime power rating applies to applications where utility power is unavailable or unreliable. At varying load, the number of generator set operating hours at prime rating is unlimited. Ratings are in accordance with ISO 8528/1 and overload power is in accordance with ISO 3046/1, BS 5514, AS 2789, and DIN 6271. The prime power rating is applicable for variable loads
with an unlimited number of operating hours per year. The average power output shall not exceed x% of the prime power rating. See Rating Conditions following for prime power rating load factor for each generator set model. Loads of less than 30% shall be counted as 30%.A 10% overload power is available for a period of one hour in every 12 hours. This overload cannot exceed
400 hours per year.

Limited running time rating applies to generator sets operating under nonvarying load factors and/or constant dedicated loads for a limited number of hours.Power is continuously supplied to a constant or nonvarying load up to 100% of the limited running time rating for up to 700 hours a year.No overload capability is available at this rating;therefore, use above limited running time rating is prohibited. For operation exceeding 700 hours per year at constant load use the base load (continuous rating).Typical limited running time applications include load management, peak shaving, interruptible rate, load
curtailment, and cogeneration. Contact a factory representative for generator set limited running time ratings.

Base load rating (also referred to as continuous rating) applies to generator sets operating as utility-type power sources where there are nonvarying load factors and/or constant dedicated loads. Power is continuously supplied to a constant or nonvarying load up to 100% of the base load rating for an unlimited number of hours.No overload capability is available at this rating;therefore, use above base load rating is prohibited.Ratings are in accordancewith ISO8528/1, ISO 3046/1,BS 5514, AS 2789, and DIN 6271. Typical base load applications include utility, base load, main source of electrical power, and cogeneration.Contact a factory representative for generator set base load ratings.


http://www.depco.net/public/pag44.aspx

Generator Set Ratings

Emergency Standby Power (ESP)
Output available with varying load for the duration of an emergency outage.   Average power output is 70% of the ESP rating.  Typical operation is 50 hours per year, with maximum expected usage of 200 hours per year.
http://www.depco.net/public/pag44.aspx

Standby Power Rating
Output available with varying load for the duration of an emergency outage.   Average power output is 70% of the standby power rating.  Typical operation is 200 hours per year, with maximum expected usage of 500 hours per year.

Prime Power Rating
Output available with varying load for an unlimited time.   Average power output is 70% of the prime power rating.  Typical peak demand is 100% of prime rated kW with 10% overload capability for emergency usefor a maximum of 1 hour in 12.  Overload operation cannot exceed 25 hours per year.

Continuous Power Rating
Output available with non-varying load for an unlimited time.   Average power output is 70-100% of the continuous power rating.  Typical peak demand is 100% of continuous rated kW for 100% of operating hours.

http://www.gensetcentral.com/GLC60.pdf

• Standby ratings do not have an overload capability but can be used for the duration of the utility failure per ISO-3046,DIN6271 and BS5514
• Prime (Unlimited Running Time) ratings are continuous per DIN 6271 and ISO-3046 with 10% overload capacity
• Base Load (Continuous) ratings are continuous per DIN 6271, BS5514 and ISO-8528 with no sustained overload capacity
• Consult factory for Base Load ratings

150°C Rise Standby Rating
105°C Rise Prime Rating